船舶及海洋工程用高强度结构钢板牌号说明

高强度船板钢产品体系全面解析 - 多语言对照版

一、牌号体系解读

这套牌号体系通常由以下几部分组成:

首字母(A,B,D,E):代表钢的冲击韧性质量等级。字母顺序越靠后，表示该钢材在越低温度下仍能保持良好的韧性(即冲击韧性试验温度越低)。

括号内的"H":是High Strength的缩写，代表这是一款高强度钢，以区别于普通强度钢(如AH32 vs A32)。

数字(32,36,40,420,460,500,550,620,690):代表钢材的最小屈服强度(Yield Strength)，单位是MPa(兆帕)。例如，"36"表示屈服强度为355MPa，"690"表示屈服强度为690MPa。

"F"或"E"前的"-":在您的列表中,更像是表示一个范围,例如从A(H)32到F(H)32等级。实际上，F和E一样，也代表一个质量等级(-40°C冲击韧性)。

二、各牌号性能与应用概述

以下表格汇总了这些高强度船板钢的关键特性:

牌号系列 最小屈服强度(MPa) 质量等级 主要特性与应用场景
A/B/D/E 235 常温/0°C/-20°C/-40°C 普通强度船体结构用钢,用于船舶的次要结构和内舾装。
A(H)32-F(H)32 315 常温/-40°C 高强度钢,典型屈服强度为315MPa。用于大型货船的舱口围板、主甲板等。
A(H)36-F(H)36 355 常温/-40°C 最常用的高强度船板钢之一,典型屈服强度为355MPa。广泛用于船舶的主船体、海洋平台的桩腿等关键结构。
A(H)40-F(H)40 390 常温/-40°C 更高强度级别,用于对重量控制和强度要求极高的区域,如大型集装箱船的舱口围顶列板。
A(H)420-E(H)420 420 常温/-40°C 属于超高强度钢,用于极大型船舶或海工装备的特殊加强构件。
A(H)460-E(H)460 460 常温/-40°C 超高强度钢,常用于自升式钻井平台桩腿的齿条板等承受巨大压力的部位。
A(H)500-E(H)500 500 常温/-40°C 超高强度钢,用于海工装备的关键承力结构。
A(H)550-E(H)550 550 常温/-40°C 超高强度钢,用于对轻量化和强度有极端要求的场合。
A(H)620-E(H)620 620 常温/-40°C 超高强度钢,技术门槛高,用于最苛刻的海工环境。
A(H)690-E(H)690 690 常温/-40°C 目前最高等级的海工用钢之一,代表顶尖技术水平。用于钻井平台桩腿、齿条等核心高强度部件。

三、主要应用领域

这类高强度钢材主要应用于以下领域，尤其对于超高强度级别(如420及以上)几乎专为海工装备打造:

船舶制造

用于大型集装箱船、散货船、油轮等的主甲板、舷侧外板、舱口围板等关键部位,能有效减轻船体重量并增加载重量。

海洋工程平台

是自升式钻井平台、半潜式平台、采油平台等不可或缺的材料。特别用于:

四、选型考虑因素

为特定项目选择钢材等级时，工程师会综合考虑:

  1. 结构受力大小:承受的载荷越大，所需的屈服强度等级越高。
  2. 环境温度:在极寒地区(如北极航线)运营的船舶或平台，必须选择更高质量等级(如D、E、F)的钢材，以确保低温下的安全。
  3. 板材厚度:随着厚度增加,钢材的屈服强度会有所下降(厚度效应),需选择能满足设计要求的牌号。
  4. 焊接性能:高强度钢的焊接需要更严格的工艺规程，以防止出现裂纹等缺陷。
  5. 成本与重量平衡:更高级别的钢可以减薄钢板厚度，从而减轻结构重量，但材料成本和加工成本也更高。需要在重量节省和制造成本之间找到最佳平衡点。

总结: 您提供的这份牌号列表,清晰地勾勒出了从普通强度到超高强度的船舶及海工用钢产品体系。数字代表了材料的强度，字母则体现了其韧性水平。AH36是应用最广泛的高强度钢，而AH690则代表了该领域顶级的材料技术水平，常用于自升式钻井平台桩腿等关键部位。

这些钢材是保障船舶和海洋工程装备在恶劣海洋环境中安全作业的基石，其生产和认证需要遵循严格的国际规范(如各国船级社规范)。

I. Grade System Interpretation

This grade system typically consists of the following parts:

First letter (A, B, D, E): Represents the impact toughness quality grade of the steel. The later the letter in the alphabet, the better the toughness the steel maintains at lower temperatures (i.e., the lower the impact toughness test temperature).

"H" in parentheses: Abbreviation for High Strength, indicating that this is a high-strength steel, distinguishing it from ordinary strength steel (e.g., AH32 vs A32).

Numbers (32, 36, 40, 420, 460, 500, 550, 620, 690): Represent the minimum yield strength of the steel, unit is MPa (megapascal). For example, "36" indicates a yield strength of 355 MPa, "690" indicates a yield strength of 690 MPa.

"-" before "F" or "E": In your list, it appears to indicate a range, for example from A(H)32 to F(H)32 grade. In fact, F, like E, also represents a quality grade (-40°C impact toughness).

II. Performance and Application Overview of Each Grade

The following table summarizes the key characteristics of these high-strength ship plate steels:

Grade Series Min Yield Strength (MPa) Quality Grade Main Characteristics and Application Scenarios
A/B/D/E 235 Room temp/0°C/-20°C/-40°C Ordinary strength hull structural steel, used for secondary structures and interior outfitting of ships.
A(H)32-F(H)32 315 Room temp/-40°C High-strength steel, typical yield strength is 315MPa. Used for hatch coamings, main deck, etc. of large cargo ships.
A(H)36-F(H)36 355 Room temp/-40°C One of the most commonly used high-strength ship plate steels, typical yield strength is 355MPa. Widely used for main hull of ships, legs of offshore platforms and other key structures.
A(H)40-F(H)40 390 Room temp/-40°C Higher strength grade, used for areas with extreme weight control and strength requirements, such as the top strake of hatch coamings of large container ships.
A(H)420-E(H)420 420 Room temp/-40°C Ultra-high strength steel, used for special reinforcement components of very large ships or offshore equipment.
A(H)460-E(H)460 460 Room temp/-40°C Ultra-high strength steel, often used for rack plates of jack-up drilling platform legs and other parts that withstand enormous pressure.
A(H)500-E(H)500 500 Room temp/-40°C Ultra-high strength steel, used for key load-bearing structures of offshore equipment.
A(H)550-E(H)550 550 Room temp/-40°C Ultra-high strength steel, used for applications with extreme requirements for lightweight and strength.
A(H)620-E(H)620 620 Room temp/-40°C Ultra-high strength steel, with high technical barriers, used for the most demanding offshore environments.
A(H)690-E(H)690 690 Room temp/-40°C One of the highest grades of offshore steel currently available, representing top technical level. Used for core high-strength components such as legs and racks of drilling platforms.

III. Main Application Areas

These high-strength steels are mainly used in the following areas, especially for ultra-high strength grades (such as 420 and above) which are almost exclusively designed for offshore equipment:

Shipbuilding

Used for key parts such as main deck, side shell plates, and hatch coamings of large container ships, bulk carriers, oil tankers, etc., which can effectively reduce hull weight and increase load capacity.

Offshore Engineering Platforms

Indispensable materials for jack-up drilling platforms, semi-submersible platforms, production platforms, etc. Especially used for:

IV. Selection Considerations

When selecting steel grades for specific projects, engineers comprehensively consider:

  1. Structural load magnitude: The greater the load承受, the higher the required yield strength grade.
  2. Environmental temperature: For ships or platforms operating in extremely cold areas (such as the Arctic route), higher quality grades (such as D, E, F) must be selected to ensure safety at low temperatures.
  3. Plate thickness: As thickness increases, the yield strength of steel decreases (thickness effect), so it is necessary to select a grade that meets design requirements.
  4. Weldability: Welding of high-strength steel requires stricter process procedures to prevent defects such as cracks.
  5. Cost and weight balance: Higher grades of steel can reduce plate thickness, thereby reducing structural weight, but material costs and processing costs are also higher. A balance between weight savings and manufacturing costs needs to be found.

Summary: The grade list you provided clearly outlines the product system of ship and offshore steel from ordinary strength to ultra-high strength. The numbers represent the strength of the material, and the letters reflect its toughness level. AH36 is the most widely used high-strength steel, while AH690 represents the top material technology level in this field, often used for key parts such as legs of jack-up drilling platforms.

These steels are the cornerstone for ensuring the safe operation of ships and offshore engineering equipment in harsh marine environments. Their production and certification need to follow strict international standards (such as various classification society rules).

I. Интерпретация системы марок

Эта система марок обычно состоит из следующих частей:

Первая буква (A, B, D, E): Обозначает класс качества ударной вязкости стали. Чем дальше буква в алфавите, тем лучше вязкость стали сохраняется при более низких температурах (т.е. тем ниже температура испытания на ударную вязкость).

"H" в скобках: Сокращение от High Strength (высокая прочность), указывает, что это сталь высокой прочности, отличающая ее от стали обычной прочности (например, AH32 против A32).

Цифры (32, 36, 40, 420, 460, 500, 550, 620, 690): Обозначают минимальный предел текучести стали, единица измерения МПа (мегапаскаль). Например, "36" указывает предел текучести 355 МПа, "690" указывает предел текучести 690 МПа.

"-" перед "F" или "E": В вашем списке, по-видимому, указывает диапазон, например, от марки A(H)32 до F(H)32. На самом деле, F, как и E, также представляет класс качества (ударная вязкость при -40°C).

II. Обзор характеристик и применения каждой марки

В следующей таблице summarized key characteristics этих высокопрочных судовых сталей:

Серия марок Мин. предел текучести (МПа) Класс качества Основные характеристики и сферы применения
A/B/D/E 235 Комн. темп./0°C/-20°C/-40°C Судовая сталь обычной прочности для корпусных конструкций, используется для второстепенных конструкций и внутреннего оборудования судов.
A(H)32-F(H)32 315 Комн. темп./-40°C Высокопрочная сталь, typical предел текучести 315МПа. Используется для комингсов люков, главной палубы и т.д. крупных грузовых судов.
A(H)36-F(H)36 355 Комн. темп./-40°C Одна из наиболее часто используемых высокопрочных судовых сталей, typical предел текучести 355МПа. Широко используется для главного корпуса судов, ног морских платформ и других ключевых конструкций.
A(H)40-F(H)40 390 Комн. темп./-40°C Марка более высокой прочности, используется для areas с экстремальными требованиями к контролю веса и прочности, таких как верхний пояс комингсов люков крупных контейнеровозов.